Publications by students of COHRED http://localhost/xmlui/handle/123456789/5456 2026-04-06T23:32:39Z 2026-04-06T23:32:39Z Marimba, Benson Kairichi http://localhost/xmlui/handle/123456789/6840 2025-11-28T16:31:05Z 2025-11-28T00:00:00Z

The Effect of Informed Consent in Communicating with PLHIV in Siaya, Kenya Marimba, Benson Kairichi Purpose: The purpose was to establish the effect of informed consent in communicating with Person’s Living with HIV (PLHIV) in Siaya, Kenya. Methodology: This was both a descriptive research and inferential design. Data was collected using a field survey involving two sets of questionnaires for key informant and PLHIV interviews. Spearman’s rho correlations and simple linear regression models were used to estimate the relationship between the independent variable (informed consent) and the dependent variable (communication), and ANOVA test was done to test the hypothesis. Findings: The calculated proportionate sample size was 374. However, the respondents rose to 396 which represented 96.18% of those who agreed to be interviewed, with 17 rejections which were removed from analysis leaving a sample of 376. Normality Test was conducted to determine the study sample was drawn from normal population. Under null hypothesis, there was no difference between the sample and the population from which the sample was drawn and therefore there was significant evidence to reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis (p-value=0.000 CI=95%). Further, findings show that 82.30% enrolled onto the Text for Adherence (T4A) mobile app voluntarily and 70.71% signed the consent form and 6.07% stated that consent was implied. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Technology Readiness (TR), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Diffusion of Innovations (DOI were used to anchor future studies. This study has concluded that it was important for individuals enrolling into mhealth communication interventions to consent and this responsibility is for system supporters in mhealth space. The findings further established that enrolment onto mhealth apps improves health status of patients suffering from chronic illnesses. This has implications for policy changes or improvements in mhealth generally in Kenya and globally. A positive intervention such as Text for Adherence (T4A) should prompt the government to scale up enrolment by supporting system supporters or taking over the enrolment entirely as a matter of public health promotion. Keywords: Informed Consent, Persons Living With HIV (PLHIV), Text for Adherence (T4A). ©2023 by the Authors. This Article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) PhD Research Publication

2025-11-28T00:00:00Z Marimba, Benson Kairichi http://localhost/xmlui/handle/123456789/6839 2025-11-28T16:26:56Z 2025-11-28T00:00:00Z

Determining the Effect of Voluntary Participation in Communicating with PLHIV in Siaya County, Kenya Marimba, Benson Kairichi Purpose: This research aimed to determine 1the effect of voluntary participation 1in communicating with PLHIV 1in 1Siaya, 1Kenya. Methodology: This study utilized a 1descriptive research approach and 1inferential 1design through a 1 field survey, employing two distinct 1sets of questionnaires. One was administered 1to the key informant and the other to Persons Living with HIV (PLHIV).1Spearman’s 1rho 1correlations 1and simple linear1regression1models were also applied to assess the association between voluntary engagement as 1the independent variable and communication as the 1dependent 1variable. ANOVA 1test 1was also performed 1to test the hypothesis 1and results were 1presented 1in 1tables. Findings: The study comprised a sample size of 376 individuals, constituting 96.18% of willing respondents who agreed to participate in 1interviews. Seventeen unresponsive records were excluded from the analysis. A Normality 1Test was conducted to assess whether the study sample was drawn from a population with a normal distribution. Under the 1null 1hypothesis, no significant difference was found between the sample and the population it represented. Consequently, there was substantial evidence to reject the 1null 1hypothesis and accept the 1alternative hypothesis (p-value=0.000 CI=95%). Moreover, the findings revealed that 82.30% voluntarily enrolled in the 1Text 1for 1Adherence (T4A) 1mobile 1app, 70.71% signed the consent form, and 6.07% indicated that 1consent was implied. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study extends 1Technology readiness theory studies to mhealth field where it is beginning to gain traction. It also indicates the significance of individuals willingly participating in mHealth interventions upon enrollment. Voluntary participation is an imperative condition of any research undertaking. This study's results additionally confirmed that mHealth interventions enhance the well-being of individuals managing chronic illnesses. This study is likely to inform policy changes and or amendments in the mhealth space in many jurisdictions. An intervention 1such 1as 1Text for1Adherence (1T4A) may encourage 1the 1government 1to support system developers. It can also take over the project as a public health investment instead of leaving it to private sector or non-governmental organizations. Study further extends the body of knowledge in use of mhealth interventions. Keywords: Voluntary Participation,1Persons 1Living with 1HIV (PLHIV), 1Text 1for Adherence (1T4A). ©2023 by the Authors. This Article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ PhD Research Publication

2025-11-28T00:00:00Z Njoroge, James M. http://localhost/xmlui/handle/123456789/6836 2025-11-28T11:56:36Z 2025-11-28T00:00:00Z

Contribution of Climate Variability and Land Use Change to Streamflow Variations in Thika Dam Watershed Njoroge, James M. Climate variability and human activities are the main causes of change in streamflow. Decoupling the respective contribution of climate variability and human activities in changes in streamflow is an important activity of watershed management. It helps in designing appropriate mitigation measures against the change in streamflow. The main objective of this study was to assess and quantify the change in streamflow respectively caused by climate variability and land use change in Thika River watershed, Kenya. Mann-Kendall analysis was used to assess streamflow data trend while sequential Mann Kendall analysis was used to establish the breakpoint. The Wang-Tang model was applied to separate the effects of human induced land use changes and climate variations on the streamflow. Drought analysis was done to investigate the intra-annual effect and transition of these changes to streamflow change. Standard Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), representing Meteorological Drought (MD), and the Standardized Runoff Index (SRI), representing the Hydrological Drought (HD), were used to study climate and streamflow variability respectively. It was found that average annual Thika River streamflow had decreased significantly in the last 50 years, with a breakpoint in 2003. Climate variability was identified as responsible for 46% of this streamflow change, while the remaining 54% was attributed to land use changes. Furthermore, drought analysis indicated a post-2003 increase in both types of droughts, affirming reduced rainfall and streamflow. However, HDs outnumbered MDs, highlighting the compounding impact of land use change alongside climate variability on streamflow reduction. This comprehensive approach combining the Budyko methodology with drought analysis offers valuable insights into the intra-annual dynamics and transitions of climate variability and land use change effects on streamflow. The study recommends the integration of interventions targeting proper land use and climate-resilient water management for informed decision-making in watershed planning and management, underscoring their importance in addressing evolving hydrological challenges. MSc Research Publication

2025-11-28T00:00:00Z Mekolela, Agosta Mecca http://localhost/xmlui/handle/123456789/6825 2025-11-26T11:43:00Z 2025-11-26T00:00:00Z

INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON PERFORMANCE OF AGENCIES CONSTITUTING THE NATIONAL COUNCIL ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE IN KENYA Mekolela, Agosta Mecca Strategic management enables organizations to respond effectively to changing environments while focusing on long-term goals. One of the critical drivers of successful strategy implementation is organizational culture, which encompasses shared values, beliefs, and behavioral norms that influence how work is done within institutions. This study assessed the influence of organizational culture on the performance of agencies constituting the National Council on the Administration of Justice (NCAJ) in Kenya. Despite the existence of strategic plans, NCAJ agencies have continued to face challenges such as systemic inefficiencies, low prosecution success rates, and unequal access to justice—issues that are often rooted in or exacerbated by cultural barriers. A descriptive correlational survey research design was employed, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data. The target population consisted of 36 institutions under the NCAJ, and a sample of 164 respondents was selected from top and middle-level management using the Yamane formula. Data were gathered using semi structured questionnaires and supplemented with secondary data from institutional reports. Instrument reliability and validity were confirmed through pilot testing, Cronbach’s alpha, and exploratory factor analysis. Findings indicated a significant positive relationship between organizational culture and the performance of NCAJ agencies. Specifically, a strong culture that promotes collaboration, accountability, shared values, and adaptability contributed to enhanced coordination, employee morale, and effective service delivery. The study concluded that embedding a performance-oriented culture is essential for the success of justice sector reforms. Recommendations include fostering inclusive organizational values, promoting internal communication, and supporting leadership behaviors that reinforce a positive culture. This study contributes to the literature on public sector strategy execution and offers practical insights for justice sector policymakers aiming to build more responsive and performance driven institutions. Key Words: Organizational Culture, Performance, Agencies Constituting the National Council on the Administration of Justice (NCAJ) PhD Research Publication

2025-11-26T00:00:00Z